What is a latex mattress? Pros and cons explained

Natural latex is made from a milky fluid extracted from the sap of the rubber tree. This fluid is carefully harvested and transported to a manufacturing facility, where it is processed to create latex foam.

Two manufacturing methods for producing latex foam are the Dunlop and the Talalay method. The Dunlop method is widely used and is a simpler, more cost-effective way to produce natural rubber foam. In this process, liquid latex is mixed with chemicals to create a frothy foam, which is poured into a mould. It is then baked and hardened, creating latex foam, which is typically denser and firmer.

In the Talalay process, liquid latex is whipped into a frothy foam and partially poured into a mould. The mould is then vacuum-sealed, allowing the latex to expand and fill the mould. After this, the mould is frozen and pumped with carbon dioxide before being reheated to harden fully. The foam is then removed from the mould and washed and dried. This process creates a softer foam with a more consistent cell structure. 

Latex can also be made synthetically from chemical compounds, such as styrene-butadiene. While synthetic latex is less durable and does not perform as well as natural latex, it offers a more affordable alternative and is often more widely available.

Some mattresses also contain blended latex, a combination of natural and synthetic latex. While the exact ratio depends on the manufacturer, blended latex often consists of approximately 30% natural and 70% synthetic latex.  

There are no set criteria for what qualifies as a latex mattress, making it difficult to determine the quality and quantity of latex used in its construction. For example, some mattresses may contain natural latex, synthetic latex or a combination of both. It may also be unclear whether the mattress is made entirely of latex or only has a thin layer.

Some models may be labelled as ‘latex mattresses’ even if they contain small amounts of latex. This can be misleading as a mattress with a small amount of latex will not perform as well as a mattress made entirely of natural latex.

When comparing latex mattresses, ensure you’re comfortable with the specifications and don’t just rely on the manufacturer’s descriptions. Only purchase mattresses from reputable retailers and check the customer reviews on trusted third-party websites. If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.

What are the benefits of a natural latex mattress?

Natural latex is a popular mattress material for its durability and pressure-relieving qualities. It is available in different firmness levels and is suitable for comfort and support layers.

Durability

Latex is exceptionally durable and retains its shape well over time. While the typical lifespan of a mattress is between 8 and 10 years, a good-quality, well-maintained latex mattress can last between 15 and 25 years.

Support

Latex has excellent point elasticity, which allows it to respond precisely to weight and pressure applied to specific areas without affecting the surrounding areas. This allows the material to conform and adapt effectively to body shape.

Its firm yet dense structure cushions and cradles the body whilst keeping the spine aligned and supported. Latex distributes weight evenly, preventing heavier body parts from sinking too far into the mattress.

Pressure relief

Latex conforms closely to the body and provides excellent pressure relief across different sleeping positions. Unlike sprung mattresses, which can push back against the body and create pressure points, latex cushions heavier areas like the shoulders, hips, and buttocks. This helps alleviate aches, pains, and numbness while improving circulation.

Motion isolation

Another advantage of latex is its ability to absorb movement, which ensures sleeping partners are less likely to be disturbed by each other’s movements when changing sleeping positions or getting in and out of bed.

Latex responds and recovers quickly. It has a slightly bouncier feel, which makes it easier to turn over in bed.

Temperature regulation

Latex has a pin-hole structure, allowing air to circulate freely through the material. This structure allows heat to escape, resulting in a cooler, more comfortable sleeping surface.

Environmentally friendly

Natural latex is an environmentally friendly material because it is gently harvested from the sap of the rubber tree (Hevea brasillensis), which is grown in sustainably managed plantations worldwide.

The rubber trees in these plantations absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), which helps reduce the carbon footprint in the atmosphere.

Natural latex is biodegradable and decomposes over time. Latex mattresses typically have a longer lifespan than other mattresses and do not need replacing as often. This helps reduce waste in landfills and conserves resources used for manufacturing new mattresses.

However, be mindful that synthetic latex, made from petroleum-based chemicals, is not environmentally friendly or biodegradable.

When shopping for a latex mattress, check it has the Global Organic Latex Standard (GOLS) certification, ensuring the latex is organic and sustainably sourced, and the OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification, which ensures the mattress is free from harmful substances.

Hypoallergenic

Latex is naturally hypoallergenic, antimicrobial and resistant to dust mites, mould, and mildew, making it suitable for asthma and allergy sufferers.

What are the drawbacks of a natural latex mattress?

While latex offers many benefits, it also has some drawbacks.

Cost

Natural latex is a premium material that can be more expensive than other options. This is because there is a high demand for rubber latex across various industries. Also, the manufacturing process can be quite complex and labour-intensive. For example, harvesting liquid latex from rubber trees is time-consuming. The liquid latex goes through several complex manufacturing stages, such as mixing, cooling and shaping, before it is ready for use.

Many latex mattresses are certified to meet strict quality and sustainability standards. While these certifications add value and credibility, they also increase the price.

Latex mattresses are heavier and can be difficult to manoeuvre

Latex mattresses are often heavy and flexible, making them difficult to manoeuvre. Some models may need occasional turning to even out the wear, reduce sagging, and extend their lifespan. This process can be physically demanding and usually requires at least two people to ensure it is carried out safely.

Latex smell

New latex mattresses may release a mild vanilla-like odour when first unpacked. The smell is harmless and should dissipate within a few days after airing the mattress. However, those sensitive to odours may initially find the smell slightly unpleasant.

Latex allergy

Some people may have an allergic reaction to latex products. A latex allergy often develops in those with other allergies, those who have undergone multiple surgeries or medical procedures, or those who are regularly exposed to latex at work, such as healthcare professionals using latex gloves. Symptoms can range from mild reactions like itching, sneezing, hives, or a runny nose to, in rare cases, anaphylaxis, which can cause low blood pressure, shock, and difficulty breathing.

Reactions to latex mattresses are rare, but those with a latex allergy could still be at risk, even without direct skin contact. Latex proteins can become airborne and trigger allergic reactions: if you have concerns, speak to your doctor beforehand. 

What type of bed base is suitable for a latex mattress?

Latex mattresses tend to perform better on slats or well-ventilated solid bed bases. Ensure the base is in good condition and provides a smooth, even surface. If placing the latex mattress on slats, check the manufacturers’ recommendations for slat spacing.

Do latex mattresses sag?

All mattresses will eventually sag. However, latex is an exceptionally durable and resilient material that retains its shape well, so body impressions and indentations may be less noticeable. However, occasionally turning the mattress may be necessary to even out the wear and keep the mattress in good condition.

What are the alternatives to latex?

There isn’t one type of mattress that suits everyone. If you have reservations about latex, other options are available.

Memory foam

Memory foam shares characteristics and qualities similar to latex. Like latex, memory foam contours well to body shape and provides excellent pressure relief. It can alleviate aches, pains and numbness and improve circulation.

Memory foam is a temperature-sensitive material. It can feel quite firm initially but slowly softens in response to body heat. As the foam becomes softer, the body sinks deeper into the mattress, a feeling some people describe as sinking into quicksand. However, while latex is bouncier and recovers almost immediately when pressure is removed, memory foam recovers much slower. Whilst many people appreciate this cradling sensation, some people might feel like they are ‘stuck’ in the mattress and find it harder to change sleeping positions.

Memory foam can feel warmer than other materials due to its dense cell structure, which traps body heat. To address this, many manufacturers now incorporate breathable covers and open-cell designs to improve airflow and reduce heat retention.

Pocket springs

Pocket springs are an excellent alternative for those who prefer a traditional sprung mattress over foam. Pocket springs are smaller, softer springs encased in fabric. Each spring works independently, allowing the mattress to conform to the body and provide targeted support. Pocket springs also absorb movement since each spring works independently, so sleeping partners are less likely to disturb one another when they move in bed.

Hybrid

A hybrid mattress typically combines layers of foam and springs. The comfort layer, made from materials like memory foam, latex, or gel, provides cushioning and pressure relief. The base layer typically consists of a spring system that provides the underlying support and gives the mattress a more bouncy feel.

Final thoughts

Natural latex is a durable material that provides excellent support and pressure relief. However, not all latex mattresses are the same. Some use synthetic latex, which is more affordable but performs differently from natural latex.